This project applies causal inference methods to assess the effectiveness of key road safety policies in Belgium.
Focusing on the EU Cross Border Enforcement Directive (2015) and e-scooter regulations (2022), it goes beyond simple before/after comparisons to identify true causal effects.
The results show modest but measurable safety improvements, including reduced crashes involving foreign vehicles and fewer e-scooter injuries after regulatory changes.

The study highlights both the benefits and limits of behavioural policies, and ultimately demonstrates the added value of causal methods for evidence-based policy evaluation.